AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 00B742

Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production

Identifieur interne : 00B742 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00B741; suivant : 00B743

Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production

Auteurs : P. J. Gregory [Royaume-Uni] ; J. S. I. Ingram [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Andersson [Suède] ; R. A. Betts [Royaume-Uni] ; V. Brovkin [Allemagne] ; T. N. Chase [États-Unis] ; P. R. Grace [Australie] ; A. J. Gray [Royaume-Uni] ; N. Hamilton [Allemagne] ; T. B. Hardy [États-Unis] ; S. M. Howden [Australie] ; A. Jenkins [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Meybeck [France] ; M. Olsson [Suède] ; I. Ortiz-Monasterio [Suède] ; C. A. Palm [Kenya] ; T. W. Payn [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; M. Rummukainen [Suède] ; R. E. Schulze [Suède] ; M. Thiem [Allemagne] ; C. Valentin [Laos] ; M. J. Wilkinson [Suède]

Source :

Agriculture, ecosystems & environment [ 0167-8809 ] ; 2002.

RBID : Pascal:02-0217392

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Agriculture intensive, Impact environnement, Préparation surface, Lutte antidéprédateur, Fertilisation, Irrigation, Modification climat, Qualité sol, Sélection génétique, Germoplasme, Efficacité utilisation eau, Efficacité nutriment.
Wicri :
- topic : Agriculture intensive, Irrigation.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Climate modification, Environment impact, Fertilization, Genetic selection, Germplasm, Intensive farming, Irrigation, Nutrient recovery, Pest management, Soil quality, Surface preparation, Water use efficiency.

Abstract

The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.

Affiliations:

Allemagne, Australie, France, Kenya, Laos, Nouvelle-Zélande, Royaume-Uni, Suède, États-Unis
Brandebourg, District de Cologne, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Île-de-France
Bonn, Paris, Potsdam

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Le document en format XML

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<wicri:noRegion>IRD-Ambassade de France, BP 06 IRD Vientiane</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, M J" sort="Wilkinson, M J" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="M. J." last="Wilkinson">M. J. Wilkinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1>
<s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2>
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<author><name sortKey="Ingram, J S I" sort="Ingram, J S I" uniqKey="Ingram J" first="J. S. I." last="Ingram">J. S. I. Ingram</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Andersson, R" sort="Andersson, R" uniqKey="Andersson R" first="R." last="Andersson">R. Andersson</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Postdam Inst of climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg P.O. Box 60 12 03</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Grace, P R" sort="Grace, P R" uniqKey="Grace P" first="P. R." last="Grace">P. R. Grace</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Sinclair Knight merz. P.O. Box 246</s1>
<s2>Spring Hill, Queensland 4004</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
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<author><name sortKey="Gray, A J" sort="Gray, A J" uniqKey="Gray A" first="A. J." last="Gray">A. J. Gray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEH-Furzebrook, Furzebrook Research Station</s1>
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<s2>Logan, Utah 84322-4110</s2>
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<author><name sortKey="Olsson, M" sort="Olsson, M" uniqKey="Olsson M" first="M." last="Olsson">M. Olsson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schulze, R E" sort="Schulze, R E" uniqKey="Schulze R" first="R. E." last="Schulze">R. E. Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Valentin, C" sort="Valentin, C" uniqKey="Valentin C" first="C." last="Valentin">C. Valentin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, M J" sort="Wilkinson, M J" uniqKey="Wilkinson M" first="M. J." last="Wilkinson">M. J. Wilkinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Soil Science, SLU, Box 7050</s1>
<s2>750 07 Uppsala</s2>
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<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Agric. ecosyst. environ.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno>
<imprint><date when="2002">2002</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Agriculture, ecosystems & environment</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Agric. ecosyst. environ.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0167-8809</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Climate modification</term>
<term>Environment impact</term>
<term>Fertilization</term>
<term>Genetic selection</term>
<term>Germplasm</term>
<term>Intensive farming</term>
<term>Irrigation</term>
<term>Nutrient recovery</term>
<term>Pest management</term>
<term>Soil quality</term>
<term>Surface preparation</term>
<term>Water use efficiency</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture intensive</term>
<term>Impact environnement</term>
<term>Préparation surface</term>
<term>Lutte antidéprédateur</term>
<term>Fertilisation</term>
<term>Irrigation</term>
<term>Modification climat</term>
<term>Qualité sol</term>
<term>Sélection génétique</term>
<term>Germoplasme</term>
<term>Efficacité utilisation eau</term>
<term>Efficacité nutriment</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture intensive</term>
<term>Irrigation</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The increasing global demand for food will be met chiefly by increased intensification of production. For crops, this will be achieved largely by increased yields per area with a smaller contribution from an increased number of crops grown in a seasonal cycle. Production systems show a spectrum of intensification practices characterised by varying methods of site preparation and pest control, and inputs of germplasm, nutrients and water. This paper highlights three main types of intensification (based largely on the quantity and efficiency of use of external inputs) and examines both the on- and off-site environmental consequences of each for soils, water quantity and quality, and climate forcing and regional climate change. The use of low amounts of external inputs is generally regarded as being the most environmentally-benign although this advantage over systems with higher inputs may disappear if the consequences are expressed per unit of product rather than per unit area. The adverse effects of production systems with high external inputs, especially losses of nutrients from fertilisers and manures to water courses and contributions of gases to climate forcing, have been quantified. Future intensification, including the use of improved germplasm via genetic modification, will seek to increase the efficiency of use of added inputs while minimising adverse effects on the environment. However, reducing the loss of nutrients from fertilisers and manures, and increasing the efficiency of water utilisation in crop production, remain considerable challenges.</div>
</front>
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Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production

Environmental consequences of alternative practices for intensifying crop production

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